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:''Throughout this article, the unqualified term "dollar" and the $ symbol refer to the US dollar.'' The United States is the world's largest national economy, representing 22% of nominal global GDP and 17% of global GDP (PPP).〔 The United States' GDP was estimated to be $17.914 trillion as of Q2 2015.〔 The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere )〕 Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the ''de facto'' currency.〔Benjamin J. Cohen, ''The Future of Money'', Princeton University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-691-11666-0; ''cf.'' "the dollar is the de facto currency in Cambodia", Charles Agar, ''Frommer's Vietnam'', 2006, ISBN 0-471-79816-9, p. 17〕 The United States has a mixed economy〔(U.S. Economy – Basic Conditions & Resources ). U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany. "The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles." Accessed: October 24, 2011.〕〔((4)Outline of the U.S. Economy – (2)How the U.S. Economy Works ). U.S. Embassy Information Resource Center. "As a result, the American economy is perhaps better described as a "mixed" economy, with government playing an important role along with private enterprise. Although Americans often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs in both free enterprise and government management, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkably successful." Accessed: October 24, 2011.〕 and has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment. Its seven largest trading partners are Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, Germany, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. The US has abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.〔Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in ''Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny'', ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), p. 185. ISBN 0-8213-6545-2.〕 It has the world's ninth-highest per capita GDP (nominal) and tenth-highest per capita GDP (PPP) as of 2013. Americans have the highest average household and employee income among OECD nations, and in 2010 had the fourth highest median household income, down from second highest in 2007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/11111111111 )〕 It has been the world's largest national economy (not including colonial empires) since at least the 1890s. The U.S. is the world's largest producer of oil〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-07-04/u-s-seen-as-biggest-oil-producer-after-overtaking-saudi.html )〕 and natural gas. It is the second-largest trading nation in the world as well as the world's second largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 128 are headquartered in the US.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Global 500 2014 ) Number of companies data taken from the "Country" box.〕 The United States has one of the world's largest and most influential financial markets. The New York Stock Exchange is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization.〔(Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June 2012) ). Securities and Exchange Commission (China). Retrieved June 1, 2014.〕 Foreign investments made in the US total almost $2.4 trillion,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA – The World Factbook )〕 while American investments in foreign countries total over $3.3 trillion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA – The World Factbook )〕 The economy of US leads in international ranking on venture capital〔(Adapting and evolving - Global venture capital insights and trends 2014 ). EY, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2015〕 and Global Research and Development funding.〔().〕 Consumer spending comprises 71% of the US economy in 2013.〔("Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)/gross domestic product (GDP)" ) ''FRED Graph'', Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis〕 The United States has the largest consumer market in the world, with a household final consumption expenditure five times larger than Japan's. The labor market has attracted immigrants from all over the world and its net migration rate is among the highest in the world. The U.S. is one of the top-performing economies in studies such as the Ease of Doing Business Index, the Global Competitiveness Report, and others. The US economy went through an economic downturn following the financial crisis of 2007–08, with output as late as 2013 still below potential according to the Congressional Budget Office. The economy, however, began to recover in the second half of 2009, and as of November 2015, unemployment had declined from a high of 10% to 5%; the government's broader U-6 unemployment rate, which includes the part-time underemployed, was 9.8% (it had reached 16% in 2009).〔(Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization ). Bls.gov (May 8, 2015). Retrieved on May 8, 2015.〕 At 11.3%, the U.S. has one of the lowest labor union participation rates in the OECD.〔(Trade Union Density ) OECD. StatExtracts. Retrieved: 1 May 2013.〕 Households living on less than $2 per day before government benefits, doubled from 1996 levels to 1.5 million households in 2011, including 2.8 million children.〔("Extreme Poverty in the United States, 1996 to 2011" ) ''National Poverty Center'', February 2012〕 The gap in income between rich and poor is greater in the United States than in any other developed country. Total public and private debt was $50 trillion at the end of the first quarter of 2010, or 3.5 times GDP. In December 2014, public debt was slightly more than 100% of GDP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product – FRED – St. Louis Fed )〕 Domestic financial assets totaled $131 trillion and domestic financial liabilities totaled $106 trillion. ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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